Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) was first described in 1910. 

SCD was the first disease where a specific mutation was linked with a hereditary disease. (Pauling, L., Itano, H.A., Singer, S.J. & Wells, I.C. Sickle cell anemia: a molecular disease. Science 110 , 543–548 (1949).) 

While it remains a burden to affected individuals, and their families, research has led to important breakthroughs in management.